Site do VirtualBox
https://www.virtualbox.org/
Instalando o VirtualBox
Efetue o download do pacote apropriado para a sua distribuição linux e proceda com a instalação.
Ubuntu (20.04):
Para baixar o pacote (.deb):
wget https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/6.1.18/virtualbox-6.1_6.1.18-142142~Ubuntu~eoan_amd64.deb
Para instalar:
sudo apt install ./virtualbox-6.1_6.1.18-142142~Ubuntu~eoan_amd64.deb
Instalação do “Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack”
Listando os extension pack instalados
VBoxManage list extpacks
Extension Packs: 1 Pack no. 0: Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack Version: 6.1.18 Revision: 142142 Edition: Description: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure integration, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Host Controller, Host Webcam, VirtualBox RDP, PXE ROM, Disk Encryption, NVMe. VRDE Module: VBoxVRDP Usable: true Why unusable:
Baixando o extension pack
wget https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/6.1.18/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-6.1.18.vbox-extpack
Instalando o extension pack
sudo VBoxManage extpack install /home/pub/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-6.1.18.vbox-extpack
Leitura adicional:
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch01.html#intro-installing
Manutenção das VMs no ambiente server (headless)
Fonte principal:
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html
Executando uma VM no modo headless:
VBoxManage startvm "win_10_20h2" --type headless
Habilitando o servidor VRDP para a VM:
VBoxManage modifyvm "win_10_20h2" --vrde on
Trocando a porta de acesso VRDP para a VM:
VBoxManage modifyvm "winxp_sp3" --vrdeport 5000
VBoxManage
Fonte:
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-intro
Para exibir informações da máquina host:
# VBoxManage list hostinfo
Host Information: Host time: 2021-02-08T18:59:19.757000000Z Processor online count: 4 Processor count: 4 Processor online core count: 4 Processor core count: 4 Processor supports HW virtualization: yes Processor supports PAE: yes Processor supports long mode: yes Processor supports nested paging: yes Processor supports unrestricted guest: yes Processor supports nested HW virtualization: yes Processor#0 speed: 3000 MHz Processor#0 description: AMD A8-3870 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics Processor#1 speed: 3000 MHz Processor#1 description: AMD A8-3870 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics Processor#2 speed: 3000 MHz Processor#2 description: AMD A8-3870 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics Processor#3 speed: 3000 MHz Processor#3 description: AMD A8-3870 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics Memory size: 31610 MByte Memory available: 31383 MByte Operating system: Linux Operating system version: 5.4.0-65-generic
Para exibir informações globais sobre o ambiente do VirtualBox:
VBoxManage list systemproperties
API version: 6_1 Minimum guest RAM size: 4 Megabytes Maximum guest RAM size: 2097152 Megabytes Minimum video RAM size: 0 Megabytes Maximum video RAM size: 256 Megabytes Maximum guest monitor count: 64 Minimum guest CPU count: 1 Maximum guest CPU count: 32 Virtual disk limit (info): 2199022206976 Bytes Maximum Serial Port count: 4 Maximum Parallel Port count: 2 Maximum Boot Position: 4 Maximum PIIX3 Network Adapter count: 8 Maximum ICH9 Network Adapter count: 36 Maximum PIIX3 IDE Controllers: 1 Maximum ICH9 IDE Controllers: 1 Maximum IDE Port count: 2 Maximum Devices per IDE Port: 2 Maximum PIIX3 SATA Controllers: 1 Maximum ICH9 SATA Controllers: 8 Maximum SATA Port count: 30 Maximum Devices per SATA Port: 1 Maximum PIIX3 SCSI Controllers: 1 Maximum ICH9 SCSI Controllers: 8 Maximum SCSI Port count: 16 Maximum Devices per SCSI Port: 1 Maximum SAS PIIX3 Controllers: 1 Maximum SAS ICH9 Controllers: 8 Maximum SAS Port count: 255 Maximum Devices per SAS Port: 1 Maximum NVMe PIIX3 Controllers: 1 Maximum NVMe ICH9 Controllers: 8 Maximum NVMe Port count: 255 Maximum Devices per NVMe Port: 1 Maximum virtio-scsi PIIX3 Controllers: 1 Maximum virtio-scsi ICH9 Controllers: 8 Maximum virtio-scsi Port count: 256 Maximum Devices per virtio-scsi Port: 1 Maximum PIIX3 Floppy Controllers:1 Maximum ICH9 Floppy Controllers: 1 Maximum Floppy Port count: 1 Maximum Devices per Floppy Port: 2 Default machine folder: /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs Raw-mode Supported: no Exclusive HW virtualization use: on Default hard disk format: VDI VRDE auth library: VBoxAuth Webservice auth. library: VBoxAuth Remote desktop ExtPack: Log history count: 3 Default frontend: Default audio driver: ALSA Autostart database path: Default Guest Additions ISO: /usr/share/virtualbox/VBoxGuestAdditions.iso Logging Level: all Proxy Mode: System Proxy URL:
Para definir o diretório default de criação das VMs:
VBoxManage setproperty machinefolder /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs
Para verificar os “tipos de OS” disponíveis para uso:
VBoxManage list ostypes
... ID: Windows7_64 Description: Windows 7 (64-bit) Family ID: Windows Family Desc: Microsoft Windows 64 bit: true ...
Para listar as VMs registradas:
VBoxManage list vms
Para exibir informações sobre uma VM:
VBoxManage showvminfo "win_10_20h2"
Name: win_10_20h2 Groups: / Guest OS: Windows 10 (64-bit) UUID: 33f7356c-3fd0-477b-948e-dfd6525cf19d Config file: /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs/win_10_20h2/win_10_20h2.vbox Snapshot folder: /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs/win_10_20h2/Snapshots Log folder: /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs/win_10_20h2/Logs Hardware UUID: 33f7356c-3fd0-477b-948e-dfd6525cf19d Memory size 8192MB Page Fusion: disabled VRAM size: 128MB CPU exec cap: 100% HPET: disabled CPUProfile: host Chipset: piix3 Firmware: BIOS Number of CPUs: 1 PAE: disabled Long Mode: enabled Triple Fault Reset: disabled ...
Para criar uma VM:
VBoxManage createvm --name "Windows XP" --ostype WindowsXP --register
Para registrar uma VM existente:
VBoxManage registervm /home/pub/VirtualBox_VMs/win_10_20h2/win_10_20h2.vbox
Network (Bridge)
Fonte:
https://devminz.github.io/posts/devops/virtualbox-cli-vm-bridged-networking/
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html#nichardware
Criando uma interface bridge na máquina host:
VBoxManage modifyvm "winxp_sp3" --nic1 bridged --nictype1 82545EM --bridgeadapter1 enp2s0
--nictype<1-N> Am79C970A|Am79C973|Am79C960|82540EM|82543GC|82545EM|virtio
Controle de snapshots
Fonte:
https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-snapshot
Listando as snapshots de uma VM:
VBoxManage snapshot "win_10_20h2" list
Criando uma snapshot para uma VM:
VBoxManage snapshot "win_10_20h2" take "zerada"
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% Snapshot taken. UUID: 7bdcae1e-d875-457d-bddf-921a617987ec